Epidemiological profile of viral meningitis agents based on molecular diagnosis, Muğla, Türkiye (2019–2024)

Abstract

Aim: Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, and viruses are among the most common causative agents. Due to the lack of regional data, this study aimed to evaluate the etiology and frequency of viral meningitis in Muğla, with a particular focus on the most common pathogens in pediatric and adult patients.

Materials and Methods: The study included 867 individuals whose CSF samples were tested by PCR between August 2019 and September 2024. Pathogens causing viral meningitis, including Enterovirus, Parechovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and Mumps, were assessed using the Fast Track diagnostic multiplex real-time PCR viral panel kit.

Results: The mean age of the 867 participants was 46.96 ± 24.93 years, with 45.8% being female, 14.6% pediatric cases, and 1.0% of foreign nationality. Viral pathogens were detected in 35 cases (4.0%). Among these, 5.5% were male, a proportion that was statistically higher than that of females (p=0.015). Additionally, 6.3% were children, and 11.1% were foreign nationals. The most frequently identified pathogens were HSV-1 (2.1%) and VZV (1.0%). The least detected pathogens were Mumps and Parechovirus, with one case each. In pediatric cases, the most common pathogen was VZV (2.4%), whereas in adults, it was HSV-1 (2.2%). Among foreign nationals, only HSV-1 was identified (1 case). Viral pathogens were detected at the highest rate in 2023 (5.2%). The highest prevalence across age groups was observed in individuals aged 35–64 years (37.1%).

Conclusion: This study represents the first report of the molecular diagnosis of viral meningitis in Muğla. Our findings reflect the incidence of viral meningitis in the region. The use of molecular methods to identify viral pathogens plays a critical role in patient management. Detecting the causative agent in viral meningitis reduces inappropriate antibiotic use, length of hospital stay, and associated costs.