Pan-immune inflammation value in systemic lupus erythematosus: Is it associated with organ involvement?

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between pan-immune inflammation value (PIIV) and both disease activity and organ involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Materials and Methods: A total of 50 adult SLE patients, meeting the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria, and 35 healthy volunteers were included in the study. PIIV was determined using the formula: [neutrophil × platelet × monocyte] / lymphocyte. Disease activity was evaluated with the SLEDAI-2K index. The relationship between PIIV and clinical findings, organ involvement, laboratory results, and disease activity was assessed.

Results: PIIV levels were markedly higher in SLE patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Patients with cardiac involvement had elevated PIIV values compared to those without heart involvement (p < 0.05). On the other hand, individuals receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy showed lower PIIV than those not using the drug (p = 0.019). No clear correlation was observed between PIIV and SLEDAI-2K scores (p = 0.532).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that PIIV levels are increased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting its potential role as a supportive diagnostic marker. Additionally, higher PIIV in patients with cardiovascular involvement and lower values in those treated with hydroxychloroquine imply that PIIV could be considered a useful biomarker for evaluating and tracking cardiovascular risk in SLE.